GBM ( Ganga, Brahmaputra, Meghna) Basin

Flash flood ( North part, East part )   (26-04-2011       L: 1)

   Reff:                                                         

Irrigation Engg and Hydraulic Structure – S. K. Garg

Irrigation Water Resources & Water Power Engg  – PN Modi

Flood Control & Drainage Engg – SN Ghosh

Irrigation Water Flower & Water Resources Engg – Arora

Engineering Hydrology – Subramania 

Introduction:                                                                                                          

                          Bangladesh is one of the world’s largest deltas, located north of the tropic of cancer between 20° N   ̴ 26°N and 88°E   ̴ 92°E. The Bengal delta plain (BDE) is drained by the three major rivers. The Gaunges, Brahmaputra and Meghna ( GBM ) – which originate in the three Himalayas and flow through India, Nepal & China before flowing into bangladesh and finally into the Bay of Bengal. 93% surface water in Bangladesh flows from adjoining countries and precipitation within the country accounts for only the remaining 7% of fresh water, carrying over 1.2 to 1.7 billion tons of sediments each years before discharging finally into the Bay of Bengal.

Flood:

            By the term flood we mean an unusual high stage of river at which the channel is filled up and above which it over flow the banks spreading the water over the land generally causing destruction of crops, properties, lines etc.

In Bangladesh the following types of floods are normally encountered

 Flash flood

Local flood

Monsoon flood

Flood due to storm surges

Flood arising due to failure of dams.

                                                          Bay of Bengal

About Bay of Bengal

Area 2,172,000 km² Average depth: 2,600 mm ; 8,500 feet Maximum depth: 4,694 m ; 15,400 feet Maximum Length: 2,090 km; c.1,300 mi Maximum Width: 1,610 km; 1,000 mi Waters Connected to the Bay of Bengal:

• Andaman Sea
• Ganges Delta
• Gulf of Mannar
• Indian Ocean
• Palk Strait

Rivers which drain into Bay of Bengal:

• Ayeyarwady / Irrawaddy River
• Brahmaputra River
• Cooum River
• Ganges River
• Godavari River
• Kaveri / Cauvery River
• Krishna River or Krishnaveni
• Mahanadi River
• Meghna River
• Palar
• Penner
• Vasishta Nadi

Important Ports:

• Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
• Cuddalore, India
• Chittagong, Bangladesh
• Ennore, Tamil Nadu, India
• Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India
• Kolkata / Calcutta, India
• Kyaukpyu, Myanmar / Burma
• Machlipatnam Masulipatnam or Bandar or Masula, Andhra Pradesh, India
• Mongla, Bangladesh
• Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, India
• Paradip / Paradeep, Orissa, India
• Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
• Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Historic Ports:

• Tamralipta
• Hijli Kingdom
• Fort St George
• Gopalpur

Islands:

• Andaman Islands
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Sagar Island

Coasts:

• Coromandel Coast
• Gahirmatha Beach

Battles:

• Battle of Cuddalore (1783)
• Battle of Cuddalore (1758)
• Battle of Negapatam (1782)
• Battle of Sadras(1782)
• Battle of Trincomalee(1782)